Das EBV-Lexikon der Elektronik
Thyristor
Four-layer semi-conductor for switching quickly to higher capacities
a-Si
Abb. for amorphous silicon (e.g. in solar cells). Opposite: c-Si, abb. for crystalline silicon
AAC
Abb. for advanced audio coding
Abilene
Name of a high-speed network (2.4 Gbit/s) on Internet 2, introduced in 1999
Absorber lined chamber
A screened room fitted with absorbers for performing radiated emissions measurements and interference immunity testing
Absorbing clamp
Absorbing transducer clamps are used in accordance with CISPR 16-1 to measure conducted radiated interference power. The clamp can be used to perform measurements on data lines and power lines. It can also be used to measure the shielding attenuation level of coaxial lines
AC
Abb. for alternating current
B2B
Abb. for business-to-business
B2C
Abb. for business-to-customer or business-to-consumer
Babble
Unexpected bus activity that goes beyond a specific point in a frame
Back propagation
A method of continuously decreasing the value of an error
Ball grid array
Module bond with spherical soldering points arranged in matrix format
Ballast resistance
Non-linear resistance whose level increases with the voltage or current flow VDR
Balun
Balanced unbalanced (adapter). a.) A device that connects a cable with equal-status conductors with a cable of non equal-status connectors; b.) Current-compensated inductor for suppressing common mode interference voltages in signal lines; c.) Ballast for fluorescent lamps
C-lead SOP
Type of casing for electronic components
c-Si
Abb. for crystalline silicon. Opposite: a-Si Abb. for amorphous silicon
C2C
Abb. for consumer to consumer. Electronic internet activity between end consumers, e.g. sale of used goods via eBay
CAB
Abb. for designated conformity assessment bodies
Cable modem
A modem that uses some of the cable capacity utilised for television transmission for bidirectional data transfer
Cable shield
Conductive shell of a cable or line for protecting individual cores or the entire stranding against external electromagnetic influence. Cable shields either consist of a braid made of bare copper wires (shield braid, braid density = 80 percent), copper wires with counter helixes, copper bands or conductive plastic layers
Cache memory
Fast memory for temporarily storing frequently needed information; buffer
DAB
Abb. for digital audio broadcast
DAC
Abb. for digital analogue converter
Daisy chain
Topology: simple in-series connection of cables or devices. Disadvantage: if one link fails, all links behind it are no longer connected
Darlington circuit
Basic circuit consisting of two bipolar transistors in an emitter sequence circuit to improve amplification
Darlington transistor
The two bipolar transistors of a Darlington circuit are housed with the resistor and protective diodes in a casing
Data matrix code
Advanced version of the barcode. It has a larger memory area, lower space requirement, reading on curved surfaces in all directions, automatic error correction and a high reading speed
Date of cessation
End of the presumption of conformity for a standard to be replaced by a new standard. Transitional regulation for standards
(Field) echo-free chamber (fully equipped with abs
Compared with the SAC, the chamber floor is also fully or partially equipped with absorbers and therefore largely reflection-free. Suitable for testing the interference immunity of apparatus to electromagnetic fields
E2PROM
» EEPROM
EA
Abb. for European Cooperation for Accreditation
EAM
Abb. for enterprise asset management systems
Earnings before interest, taxes and amortisation
Financial ratio; (sales) earnings before (debt) interest, income taxes and amortisation
EAROM
Abb. for electrically alterable ROM (properties similar to a RAM)
Earth
In connection with electrical engineering matters, this refers to the ground with varying levels of electrical conductivity that has no potential differences beyond the influence range of earth electrodes or other electrical phenomena
Fab
Abb. for fabrication facility. installations for semiconductor production
Fab Owners Association
The FOA is an alliance of chip manufacturers; it represents annual sales of approx. USD 7 billion
Fabless
Semiconductor providers that do not have their own production facilities
Fabless Semiconductor Association
Association of fabless companies, formed in 1995
Fabric
Switching matrix
FAC
Abb. for fully anechoic chamber
Face-down FBGA
Type of casing for electronic components
GaAs
Abb. for gallium arsenide (semiconductor material, now particularly in optical transmission technology)
Galileo
European non-military satellite navigation system from 2008, set to replace GPS. More precise than the current GPS and provides additional services, one of which is interactive
Gas discharge arresters
are overload coarse protection elements. They consist of two electrodes, which are hermetically encapsulated and arranged at a defined distance from each other in an inert gas-filled ceramic or glass cylinder. Their retroactive effect on the system to be protected is very low, i.e. the isolation resistance between the electrodes is more than 1010 Ohm and the capacity is less than 10 pF. If the ignition voltage is exceeded, the gas discharge path ignites, thus causing the resistance between the electrodes to fall by around 10 orders of magnitude. The voltage falls to the glow discharge voltage (60 to 120 Volt) or, the impedance ratios in the circuit permitting, to the true arc voltage (10 to 30 Volt). The ignition voltage itself depends heavily on the steepness of the available overload pulse. Gas discharge arresters can safely arrest pulse currents (8/20 s pulses) up to several 10 kA, but only automatically erase currents up to a maximum of 1 A. When used in supply circuits, a fuse must therefore be connected in series in order to interrupt possible mains follow-up currents
Gaussian minimum shift keying
Modulation method; the GMSK modulation process involves minimum shift keying (MSK) that is supplemented by an upstream Gaussian filter. The method is used with GSM
GB
Abb. for gigabyte, i.e. 109 bytes; equivalent to 230, i.e. approx. 1 billion bytes
Gbit/s
Abb. for gigabits per second
GDT
Abb. for gas discharge tube
H-MVIP
Extended standard compared with MVIP
HAB
Abb. for host bus adapter
Half-brick format
Power supply module with the dimensions 58.4 x 61 x 12.4 mm. full-brick format
Hall effect
Change of current direction by means of a transverse magnetic field. This produces an electrical voltage vertical to the current direction and the magnetic field. This voltage is used in measuring systems and sensors
Hall generator
Magnetic field-dependent, product-forming semiconductor module; uses the Hall effect
Handover
Mobile cell change when the receiver is moved (e.g. mobile phone system)
Hardware description language
Language used to describe IC designs, e.g. Verilog or VHDL
I
Abb. for interference
I2C / I2C
I2C bus / I2C bus
Abb. for internal integrated circuit bus
IATF
Abb. for International Automotive Task Force
IBOC
Abb. for in-band on-channel
IC
Abb. for integrated circuit
ICL
Abb. for inrush current limiter
Jabber
Pointless transmission of data in network systems. According to IEEE 802.3, a data packet that is longer than permitted by the standard
Java
Universal, object-oriented programming environment or programming language
JEDEC
Abb. for Joint Electronics Devices Engineering Council. Standardisation body especially for Ics, e.g. casing dimensions, function and number of contacts, lettering
JESSI
Abb. for Joint European Submicron Silicon Initiative. European research programme for promoting microtechnology in chip production, 1989 to 1996. Follow-up programme MEDEA
JFET
Junction FET; field effect transistor with barrier layer-isolated gate
JIT
Abb. for just in time
Jitter
Refers to high-frequency interference or interference that stems from inaccuracies in clock systems
LA
Abb. for lightning arrester
Lambda switch
Optical switching element that - on the basis of the WDM - converts the data stream from one wavelength to another
LAN
Abb. for local area network
Laser sintering
A milestone on the way to e-manufacturing. With the laser sintering process, mechanical parts can be produced direct from a computer design
Latch
Bistable electronic device
Latch-up
Unwanted effect in semiconductors, caused by the transmission of parasitic thyristor structures in CMOS circuits. Can lead to destruction
Latency time
Waiting time, delay. In LANs, the time in which a data packet runs through an active network element (bridge, router, hub). In hard disks, also the rotational delay
MAB
Abb. for main earthing bar
MAC
a.) Abb. for media access controller; b.) Abb. for multiply and accumulate; c.) Abb. for an Apple-Macintosh computer
Machine model
Model that reproduces the discharge of an electrostatically charged conductive object (tool, transport container, implement truck etc.) as a component in conjunction with the sensitivity testing of electronic components in relation to ESD ($$) http://www.midwestesd.org/fundesd5.html
Machinery Directive
The Machinery Directive 89/392/EEC has the purpose of ensuring the free movement of machines (this also includes mechanical equipment and interchangeable equipment) as well as safety components and lifting gear placed separately on the market in the European Union. To this end, it introduces harmonised condition requirements and conformity assessment procedures to be fulfilled by responsible persons. In particular, this also relates to laboratories. These laboratories must be accredited and, outside the USA, recognised as a conformity assessment body (» CAB) in the EMC field. Products placed on the market under the DoC process require special marking
Magnetic random access memory
Non-volatile memory based on GMR
Main equipotential bonding
Connection for main equipotential bonding (in installations for buildings) requirements in terms of safety and health protecttion in connection with the design of machines
Malfunction, electromagnetic
Impairment of the performance of a device, transmission channel or system that is caused by electromagnetic disturbance
n-doping
Insertion of foreign atoms (» doping) with additional electrons. In this way, negative charge carriers assume charge transportation
NACK
Abb. for negative acknowledgment
NAFTA
Abb. for North American Free Trade Agreement
NAND
Negated And operation
NAS
Abb. for network attached storage
NATA
National Association of Testing Authorities
The NATA is recognised by the Australian government as the national authority for laboratory accreditation
OADM
Abb. for optical add-drop multiplexer
OAM
Abb. for operation, administration and maintenance
OATS
Abb. for open-area test site
OBU
Abb. for on-board unit. Communication box for vehicles; required for systems for electronic toll collection
OC
Abb. for optical carrier
OCC
Abb. for optical connection controller
OCDR
P-doping
Insertion of foreign atoms (» doping of acceptors) with a missing electron, so that non-existent electrons (defect or valence electrons, holes) handle the charge transport
Packet
Related data that is transmitted as one unit. A packet usually contains control elements, information (data) and elements for error recognition and correction
Packet ID
Field in the bus packet specifying the type of packet
PAL
a.) Abb. for programmable array logic; b.) Abb. for phase alternation line: analogue television system widely used around the world
PAM
Abb. for pulse amplitude modulation. Sample method in A/D converters
Pareto principle
» 80/20 rule. Dictum stating that 80% of results are achieved from 20% effort
PBB
Abb. for polybromobiphenyl; banned flame retardants under RoHS
QAM
Abb. for quadrature amplitude modulation
QDR SRAM
Abb. for quad data rate SRAM
QFP
Abb. for quad flat package
QoS
Abb. for quality of service
QP Detector
Abb. for quasi peak detector
QPSK
Abb. for quadrature phase shift keying
QSG
Abb. for quenched spark gap
SA
Abb. for site attenuation
SAC
Abb. for semi-anechoic chamber
Safe harbour statement
Statement by public limited companies in accordance with US regulations, designed to protect investors. Its main purpose is to warn that forecasts of trading results may take a completely different course
Safe operating area
Curves that describe the robustness in forward bias (forward bias safe operating area; FBSOA), in reverse bias (reverse bias safe operating area; RBSOA) and in short circuit operation (short circuit safe operating area; SCSOA) should, as a rule, be removed from the data sheet.
Sample and hold
A method of testing high-frequency signals
Sample and hold circuit
Circuit that samples and stores analogue signals at specific times
Sample rate
The frequency with which a new sample is collected for testing
TAB
Abb. for tape automated bonding
TAEV
Abb. for technical connection conditions of the electricity supply companies
TAP
Digital filter which processes a signal by multiplication of every data sample with various co-efficients. Each multiplication of data sample and co-efficient is called a TAP. The values of the co-efficients, the bit width and the number of TAPs determine the characteristics of the filter
Tape automated bonding
Automatic bonding technology of Si chips with the substrate via thin wires
Tape-on-Reel
Strapped; packaging of components suitable for assembly machines
TAZ diode
Abb. for transient absorption Z diode
TCB
Abb. for telecommunication certification body
UART
UDP
Abb. for user-defined primitive
UHF
Abb. for ultra high frequency
ULF
Abb. for ultra low frequency
Ultra low frequency
Frequency in the range of 3 Hz to 3 kHz, wavelength: 100,000 to 100 km
Ultrawideband short pulse
Ultrawideband uses very low-powered, short-pulse radio signals many times in the picosecond duration range to transfer data over a very wide range of frequencies
UMTS
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